The word “Chemical” broadly refers to any substance that has a specific molecular composition and structure, capable of undergoing chemical reactions and changes. Chemicals form the foundation of everything in the physical world—from the air we breathe to the products we use daily, including medicines, fuels, plastics, fertilizers, and cleaning agents.
In scientific terms, a chemical can be an element, a compound, or a mixture. It may occur naturally (like oxygen or water) or be synthetically produced in laboratories and factories (like polymers or pharmaceuticals). The science of chemistry studies these substances—how they interact, how they transform, and how they can be applied in practical ways.
Elements – Pure substances made of only one kind of atom (e.g., hydrogen, iron).
Compounds – Substances formed from two or more elements bonded together (e.g., H₂O, CO₂).
Mixtures – Combinations of substances that are physically, not chemically, combined (e.g., saltwater, air).
Chemicals are used in virtually every industry, including:
Pharmaceuticals – for creating life-saving drugs and vaccines
Agriculture – through fertilizers, pesticides, and soil conditioners
Manufacturing – plastics, textiles, paints, and adhesives
Food Industry – preservatives, colorants, and flavor enhancers
Energy – fuels like petrol, diesel, and batteries
Cleaning – soaps, detergents, and disinfectants
Because chemicals can be toxic, reactive, flammable, or corrosive, proper handling, storage, and disposal are essential. Many organizations and regulations (like OSHA, REACH, GHS) are in place to ensure chemical safety and minimize environmental and health risks.
